3.1....FORMING NUMERAL TERMS: Here are the eleven basic numeral words.
| zip zero | ven one | teu two | dree three |
feu four | foif five | ses six |
sieven seven | axt eight | noin nine |
tien ten |
a) "-tien" suffixed to numeral terms "ven" to "noin" forms the numeral terms for "11" through "19."
| ventien eleven | teutien twelve |
dreetien thirteen | feutien fourteen |
foiftien fifteen | sestien sixteen |
sieventien seventeen | axtien eighteen |
nointien nineteen |
c) The suffix "-eux" multiplies the value of each numeral term "teu" through "noin" by ten, producing these terms:
| teuzeux twenty | dreezeux thirty |
feuzeux forty | foifeux fifty |
seseux sixty | sieveneux seventy |
axteux eighty | noineux ninety |
d) The suffix "-uenyr" multiplies the value of each numeral term "ven" through "noin" by one hundred, producing these terms:
| 3.1-1 |
venuenyr teuzuenyr dreezuenyr feuzuenyr foifuenyr one hundred two hundred three hundred four hundred five hundred |
| 3.1-2 |
sesuenyr sievenuenyr axtuenyr noinuenyr six hundred seven hundred eight hundred nine hundred |
e) The numeral terms just described can be juxtaposed in order of decreasing value to form terms for non-round figures from "teuzeux-ven" (21) to "noinuenyr-noineux- noin" (999). It is customury to hyphenate words in phrases that stand for two-to-three digit figures.
| 3.1-3> |
seseux-foif sixty-five |
dreezeux-noin thirty-nine |
axteux-sieven eighty-seven |
teuzeux-ven twenty-one |
| 3.1-4> |
venuenyr-teuzeux-teu one hundred twenty-two |
axtuenyr-foifeux-sieven eight hundred fifty seven |
f) Numeral terms for figures of one to three digits can be placed before each of these words to produce terms for figures of four or more digits.
|
tausend thousand |
tooses million |
toonoin billion |
tooteutien trillion |
| 3.1-5> |
teuzeux-teu tausend sievenuenyr-foifeux-teu tooses twenty-two thousand seven hundred fifty two million |
feu toonoin sesuenyr tooteutien four billion six hundred trillion |
g) Large figure terms occurring alone are less formal equivalents to large figure terms preceded by "ven." Note the similarity to English phrases such as "a thousand" vs. "one thousand."
| 3.1-6> |
tausand ven-tausand tooses ven-tooses a thousand one thousand a million one million |
h) Numeral phrases can be arranged in order of decreasing value to produce phrases for non-round figures of four or more digits. Written large figure terms like "toonoin" are followed by commas when they occur non-finally in a series.
| 3.1-7 |
foif toonoin, sievenuenyr-seseux-ses tooses, enuenyr-feuzeux-at
tausand, sesuenyr-foifeux-teu five billion, seven hundred and sixty six million, one hundred forty eight thousand, six hundred fifty two |
3.2....ORDINAL NUMERAL TERMS: These are derived from cardinal numeral terms by adding the suffix "-aif" to the sole or last word in the term.
| 3.2-0> |
venaif first |
teuzaif second |
dreezaif third |
feuzaif fourth | |
|
noin-tooses, sieveneux-sieven tausandaif nine million seventy seven thousandth |
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3.3....RATIO TERMS:
a) Multiplicative numeral terms are derived from cardinal numeral terms by adding the suffix "-soo" to the sole or last word in the term.
| 3.3-1> |
teusoo twice as many/much |
dreesoo three times as many/much |
|
noin-tooses, sieveneux-sieven tausandesoo nine million seventy seven thousand times as many/much | ||
b) Reciprocal numeral terms are derived from cardinal numeral terms by adding the suffix "-gin" to the sole or last word in the term.
| 3.3-2> |
teugin one half |
dreegin one third |
feugin one fourth |
foifegin one fifth |
|
noin-tooses, sieveneux-sieven tausandegin one nine million seventy seven thousandth |
||||
c) Both "vengin" and "vensoo" translate as either "one over one" or "just as many/much."
d) Terms for fractions consist of multiplicative numeral terms immediately followed by reciprocal numeral terms.
| 3.3-3> |
teusoo-dreegin two thirds |
feusoo-foifegin four fifths |
|
sievenuenyr-seseux-axtesoo noin tausend, sesuenyr-teuzeux-dreegin seven hundred sixty eight over nine thousand, seven hundred twenty three |
||
e) Goesk has no special terms for fractions expressed as digits to the right of the decimal point; one simply uses fraction-phrases containing reciprocal numerals that stand for denominators like "1/10," "1/100," "1/1000," and so on.
| 3.3-4> |
foifesoo-tiengin five tenths; .5 |
dree-und-feutiensoo-venuenyrgin hree and fourteen one-hundredths; 3.14 |
noineux-axt-und-sesesoo-tiengin ninety eight and six tenths; 98.6 |
f) The suffix "-soo" can be attached to reciprocal numeral terms, creating terms for multiplicative fractions.
| 3.3-5> |
teuginsoo half as much |
feuginsoo one fourth as much |
|
teusoo-dreeginsoo two thirds as much |
feusoo-foifeginsoo four fifths as much |
3.4....NUMERAL TERMS AS NOUNS: Numeral nouns stand for abstract numbers or numeral symbols. For instance, "teu" can refer either to the positive integer, 2, or to the symbol "2." Cardinal numeral nouns are neuter.
| 3.4-0> |
Ven und ven sienant teu. One and one are two. |
Ik criebeut dreezuent teuzuen. I wrote three twos. |
3.5....NUMERAL PHRASES ARE PECULIAR: The words in a numeral phrase are each stressed separately, but only the last word in a numeral phrase takes numeral-word affixes (as seen above), or flexional affixes (as shown here).
| 3.5-1 |
|
dree tausand, sievenuenyr-noineux-ses 3,796 subject, predicate of linking verb, citation form |
| 3.5-2 |
|
dree tausand, sievenuenyr-noineux-sesa 3,796 object |
| 3.5-3 |
|
dree tausand, sievenuenyr-noineux-sesas of 3,796 |
| 3.5-4 |
|
dree tausand, sievenuenyr-noineux-sesai to or for 3,796 |
b) In numeral phrases, flexional affixes occur after numeral word affixes.
| 3.5-5 |
dree tausand, sievenuenyr-noineux-sesaifas of the 3,796th note: "-aif" = ordinal; "-as" = genitive neuter |